Iprotocol yomthi ohambayo, ngamanye amaxesha ibhekiswe ku-spaning umthi, yingca okanye imaphu ye-Ethernet yanamhlanje, eyalela ukugcwala kwendlela esebenzayo kwiimeko zexesha lokwenyani.
Ngokusekwe kwi-algorithm eyenziwa yi-American Possocast Perlman Match Procelman IQela leZixhobo (Dese) ngo-1985, eyona njongo yomthi wokuhambisa umthi kukwenza ukuba iindlela zonxibelelwano ziqwalasele iindlela zenethiwekhi. Njengomsebenzi wesibini, umthi wokuvula iipakethi ujikeleze amabala amachaphaza ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano luyakwazi ukwenza uthungelwano olunokuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka.
I-Spaning Topology vs.
Xa imibutho yayiqala ukuqulatha iikhompyuter zazo ngeminyaka yoo-1980, enye yezona zinto zithandwayo yayiyinethiwekhi. Umzekelo, i-Ibm yazisa itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yeThengi yeThengi yeThengiso ngo-1985.
Kwindawo yenethiwekhi ye-ring, i-node nganye idibanisa nabanye ababini, enye ehlala iphambi kwayo kwi-ring kunye nenye eyenzelwe ngasemva kwayo. Iimpawu zokuhamba kuphela kwi-ring kwicala elinye, kunye nendawo nganye ehamba ngendlela ehambisa ngayo nayiphi na i-pakeke kwaye zonke iipakethe ziphaphama umsesane.
Ngelixa inethiwekhi yeringi elula ihamba kakuhle xa kukho kuphela iikhompyuter, amakhonkco ayenzi ngokwaneleyo xa uninzi lwezixhobo zongezwa kwinethiwekhi. Ikhompyuter inokufuna ukuthumela iipakethi ngamakhulu eendawo zokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nenye inkqubo kwigumbi elikufuphi. I-Bandwidth kunye nemveliso ikwaba yingxaki xa itrafikhi inokuhamba kuphela kwicala elinye, ngaphandle kwesicwangciso se-backup ukuba i-node kwindlela eyaphukileyo okanye ixineneyo.
Kwi-90s, njengoko i-Ethernet ihambe ngokukhawuleza (i-100mbit / sec. Iringi yakhawuleza yaphela.
Umthi wokwenza umthi osebenzayo
Umthi wokuSpanimba ngumgaqo-nkqubo owenziwa kwipakethi yedatha. Yinxalenye yenxalenye enye yendlela kunye nenxalenye yenjineli yoluntu yendlela yenethiwekhi yedatha ihamba ngendlela. Ihlala kwi-2 (yekhonkco ledatha), ngoko ke ichaphazelekayo ngeepakethi ezishukumayo kwindawo abaya kuyo efanelekileyo, hayi ukuba luhlobo olunjani lweepakethi, okanye idatha abanayo.
Umthi wokuvula uye waba yi-biquitoous ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuchazwe kwiIEEE 802.1d I-New Yeench. Njengoko kuchaziwe kumgangatho, enye kuphela indlela esebenzayo inokubakho phakathi kwayo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala okanye izitishi ezininzi ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.
Umthi wokuvula wenzelwe ukuphelisa ukubakho ukuba i-datang yedatha phakathi kwengqokelela yenethiwekhi iya kubambelela kwilog. Ngokubanzi, iinyosi zididanisa i-algorithm edluleyo ifakwe kwizixhobo zenethiwekhi, zenza ukuba isixhobo sisakwazi ukuthumela phi iipakethi. Oku kunokubangela ukuphindaphinda kweefreyimu okanye ukuqhubela phambili kweepakethi eziphindiweyo kwiindawo ezininzi. Imiyalezo inokuphinda iphindwe. Unxibelelwano lunokutsalela umthumeli. Inokuqhekeza inethiwekhi ukuba i-lops ezininzi ziqala ukwenzeka, tya i-bandwidth ngaphandle kokufumana nakuphi na ukufumanisa ububele ngelixa ivimba ezinye izithuthi ezingapheliyo ekuphumeni.
Iprotocol yothiimisa i-lops ekwenzeniNgokuvala konke kodwa indlela enye enokubakho kwipakethi nganye yedatha. Ukutshintshela kumthi wokusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi ukuchaza iindlela zeengcambu kunye neebhulorho apho idatha ingahamba khona, kwaye ichaphazele indlela ephindiweyo, ingenzanga into engasebenziyo kwaye ayiqhelekanga indlela eyintloko.
Isiphumo kukuba unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi luhamba ngokungakhathali nokuba lunzima kangakanani okanye lukhulu inethiwekhi. Ngendlela, umthi wokuvula udala umendo ngenethiwekhi yedatha yokuhamba usebenzisa isoftware ngendlela efanayo neinjini zenethiwekhi esebenzisa i-halloware.
Izibonelelo ezongeziweyo zomthi wokuvula
Esona sizathu siphambili somthi osetyenziselwa ukuphelisa ukubakho kwe-quionng lops ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Kodwa zikho ezinye izibonelelo ngokunjalo.
Kungenxa yokuba umthi wokuvula uhlala ujonge kwaye uchaze ukuba zeziphi iindlela zenethiwekhi ezifumanekayo kwiipakethi zedatha ukuba zihambele, zikwazi ukubona ukuba i-node ihleli ecaleni kwendlela eziphambili ikhubazekile. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwisikhono se-Hardware kwiSimo senethiwekhi entsha. Inokuba yimeko yethutyana esekwe kwi-bandwidth okanye ezinye izinto.
Xa umthi wokuthatha umthi ofumanisa ukuba indlela ephambili ayisasebenzi, inokuvula ngokukhawuleza enye indlela eyayivaliwe ngaphambili. Inokuthi emva koko ithumele idatha ejikeleze ibala lengxaki, ekugqibeleni ichonga i-detour njengeyona ndlela intsha, okanye ukuthumela iipakethi kwibhulorho yokuqala kufuneka iphinde ibekhona.
Ngelixa umthi wokuqala wokuqala wawukhawulezileyo wokwenza lo nxibelelwano lutsha njengoko kufuneka, ngo-2001 I-IEEE yazisa umgaqo-nkqubo oPhakamileyo woMthi (i-RSTP). Also referred to as the 802.1w version of the protocol, RSTP was designed to provide significantly faster recovery in response to network changes, temporary outages or the outright failure of components.
Kwaye ngelixa i-RTTP yazisa indlela entsha yokuziphatha i-converviors kunye neendidi zebridge port ukukhawulezisa inkqubo, yayiyilelwe ukuba iguqulwe ngokupheleleyo ngumthi wokutshintsha. Ke kunokwenzeka ukuba izixhobo kunye neenguqulelo zombini zeprotocol yokusebenza kunye kwinethiwekhi efanayo.
Iintsilelo zomthi wokuvula
Ngelixa umthi wokutyibilika uye waba yiminyaka emininzi emva kwentshayelelo yayo, kukho abo baphikisayo ukuba kunjaloIxesha lifikile. Esona mpazamo sikhulu somthi wokutshintsha kukuba ivale i-lops enokubakho ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ngokucima iindlela apho idatha ingahamba khona. Kuyo nayiphi na inethiwekhi enikezwe usebenzisa umthi wokuvula, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zenethiwekhi ezinokubakho zivaliwe kwidatha.
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zothungelwano, ezinjengezo zifunyenwe kumaziko edatha, amandla okukhulisa ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufezekiswe ibango libalulekile. Ngaphandle kwemida ebekiweyo ngumthi wokuvula, amaziko edatha anokuvula i-bandwidth engaphezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinto ezongezelelweyo zothungelwano. Olu luhlobo lwendlela yokuma endenti, kuba imeko yenethiwekhi entsonkothileyo yiyo le nto yenziwe ngumthi ophakanyisiweyo. Kwaye ngoku ukhuseleko olunikezwe ngumgaqo wokuvavanywa, ngendlela, ukubambelela kwezo meko kubuye ngazo ngokupheleleyo.
Inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yomgaqo obizwa ngokuba yi-Protocol Umzekelo oninzi Kodwa nkqu ne-MSTP, iindlela ezimbalwa ezinokubakho zedatha zihlala zivaliwe kulo naluphi na inethiwekhi eqeqeshelwa umgaqo.
Kukho imizamo emininzi engasebenziyo, ezizimeleyo yokuphucula izithintelo zebhendi zemithi ebuyayo kwiminyaka yonke. Ngelixa abaqulunqileyo babanga impumelelo kwimizamo yabo, uninzi aluhambelani ngokupheleleyo ne-prototol, intsingiselo kufuneka iqeshe utshintsho olungasebenziyo kuzo zonke izixhobo zabo okanye bafumane indlela ekufuneka bebavumele Ukutshintshela umthi osebenzayo wokwenza umthi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindleko zokugcina nokuxhasa iincasa ezininzi zemithi yokuvula ayifanelekanga.
Ngaba umthi uza kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo?
Ngaphandle kokusikelwa umda kwi-bandwidth ngenxa yokuvala umthi weNethiwekhi, akukho ngcinga ininzi okanye umzamo owenziwayo ngokutshintsha umgaqo. Nangona i-IEEE ngamanye amaxesha ikhupha uhlaziyo ukuzama kwaye isebenze ngakumbi, zihlala zihleli zihambelana neenguqulelo ezikhoyo zomgaqo okhoyo;
Ngandlel 'ithile, umthi wokuvula ulandela umthetho "ukuba awuzange wophule, musa ukuyilungisa." Ukuvula umthi uqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi ukugcina iitrafikhi ezihambayo, zithintele i-rash-tolls yezakhiwo ezivela kwi-Sport Sports ukuze ikwazi ukuphazamiseka okwethutyana njengenxalenye yosuku lwayo-ukuya- Imisebenzi yosuku. Okwangoku, kwi-backend, abalawuli bongeza izixhobo ezintsha kwinethiwekhi yabo ngaphandle kokuba bekucingelwa ukuba unxibelelane nenethiwekhi okanye ilizwe elingaphandle.
Ngenxa yayo yonke loo nto, kungenzeka ukuba loo mthi wokutshintsha uya kuhlala usetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi ezayo. Kusenokubakho uhlaziyo oluncinci amaxesha ngamaxesha, kodwa i-core protorcol yomthi kunye nazo zonke iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezizenzayo zilapha ukuba zihlale.
I-POPTAL: I-NoV-07-2023
