Kumda okukhawulezayo wenethiwekhi yanamhlanje, indaleko yeenethiwekhi zengingqi (amaLans) iqhube ngendlela yezisombululo ezinobuchule bokufezekisa ubunzima bemfuno yentlangano. Isisombululo esinjalo esimele sinethiwekhi yendawo yendawo yasekhaya, okanye vlan. Eli nqaku lidla ngokufihlakele kwiibhondi, injongo yazo, izibonelelo zazo, imizekelo yokuphumeza, ezona ndlela zibalulekileyo, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo abayidlalayo ekufezekiseni iimfuno zenethiwekhi.
I. I-Ving Vens kunye nenjongo yabo
Inethiwekhi yeNdawo yaseKhaya eNgcwele, okanye i-vhln, ichaze ingcinga ye-lans ngokwasazisa ungqameko olwamiselwa yimibutho ukuba isebenzise iinethiwekhi zazo ngobukhulu, bhetyebhetye, kunye nobunzima. I-Vlans iqokelelwa kwezixhobo okanye iindawo zenethiwekhi ezinxibelelana ngokungathi yinxalenye ye-LAN, nangona inyani, zikho kwi-lan sethu. Ezi ndawo zahlulwe kwi-LAn nge-LAN ngokusebenzisa iibhlorho, ii-routers, okanye ukutshintsha, ukuvumela ukunyusa amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokuncipha kwenethiwekhi.
Ingcaciso yobugcisa ye-vlan iquka ukwahlula kwabo kwi-LAN ebanzi. Le dilesi inikezela ngentengiso efumaneka kwimicimbi yesiko, ezinje ngeengxaki zosasazo nengqubano. I-VLS isebenza njenge "Formaines zokuNgena koKhokelo," ukunciphisa ubuchwephesha bokungqubana kwezixhobo zenethiwekhi. Lo msebenzi ophuculweyo we-vlans udluliselwe ukhuseleko lwedatha kunye nokwahlula ngokwengqondo, apho ii-vlans zinokuvela kumasebe, amaqela eprojekthi, okanye nawuphi na omnye umgaqo oqokelayo.
II. Kutheni usebenzisa i-vhlns
Imibutho ingenelela kakhulu kwiinzuzo zokusetyenziswa kwe-vlan. Ii-vhls zibonelela ngenkcitho-mali, njengoko imisebenzi esebenzayo inxibelelana neVlan Switchs, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwimigudu, ngakumbi kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi kwi-vlan. Oku kuphawulela i-vulns ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo imithwalo yedatha, ukunciphisa inethiwekhi iyonke.
Ukuguquguquka konyuso kulungelelwaniso lwenethiwekhi sesinye isizathu sokusebenzisa iVlans. Banokulungiswa kwaye banikwe ngokusekwe kwizibuko, iprotocol, okanye i-Subnet, ukuvumela imibutho ukuba iguqule i-vters kwaye iguqule uyilo lwenethiwekhi njengoko kufuneka. Ngaphaya koko, ii-vns zinciphisa iinzame zolawulo ngokuzenzekelayo zithintelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukufikelela kumaqela abasebenzisi achaziweyo, ukwenza inethiwekhi yokuqwalaselwa kwenethiwekhi kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko asebenza ngakumbi.
III. Imizekelo yokuphunyezwa kwe-vlan
Kwiimeko zokwenyani zehlabathi, amashishini anezithuba ezibanzi zeofisi kunye namaqela amakhulu afumana izibonelelo ezibonakalayo ekuhlanganiseni kokudityaniswa kwee-vhl. Ukulula okuhambelana nokumisela i-vhly kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwempungutye enemisebenzi kunye nokusebenzisana kwabaxhasi phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amaqela asebenza ngokuthengisa, ukuthengisa, oko, kunye nohlalutyo lweshishini banokusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo xa babebelwe i-vlan efanayo, nokuba izakhiwo ezahlukileyo zomzimba okanye izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle kwezisombululo ezinamandla ezinikezelwa zii-vns, kubalulekile ukuba zinyamekele iingxaki ezinokubakho, ezinjenge-vlan mismatches, ukuqinisekisa ukumiliselwa ngempumelelo kwezi nethiwekhi kwimo eyahlukeneyo yombutho.
Iv. Eyona misebenzi ilungileyo kunye nolondolozo
Ukucwangciswa kwe-Vlan ezifanelekileyo kukuphazamiseka ukuze uchithe amandla abo apheleleyo. Izibonelelo zokufumana i-vlan sances iqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano olukhawulezileyo nelukhuselekileyo, ilungisa isidingo sokuziqhelanisa neemfuno zenethiwekhi. Ababoneleli beenkonzo abalawulwayo (i-MSPs) badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni phambili ukulungiswa kweVlan, ukubeka iliso kusasazo lwesixhobo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenethiwekhi.
| Iindlela ezili-10 ezilungileyo | Intsingiselo |
| Sebenzisa i-vlans ukuya kwitrafikhi ye-segament | Ngokuzenzekelayo, izixhobo zenethiwekhi zinxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo, zibeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko. I-VLS idilesi ngale nto ngokukhutshelwa kwetrafikhi, ukunxibelelana nonxibelelwano kwi-Vlan enye. |
| Yenza i-vlan yolawulo eyahlukileyo | Ukusekwa kweVlan yoLawulo lweVoldareyitha yenethiwekhi. Ukuzimela uqinisekisa ukuba imiba ekuboniseni i-vlan yeVlan ayichaphazeli inethiwekhi ebanzi. |
| Yabela iidilesi ze-IP ze-IP zoLawulo lweVlan | Iidilesi ze-IP ze-IP zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni kunye nolawulo lwenethiwekhi. Ukuphepha i-DHCP ye-DHCP yeVlan iqinisekisa ukulungisa okungaguqukiyo, ukucalula ulawulo lwenethiwekhi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-Vlan kuphucula i-tragurand yodwa, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. |
| Sebenzisa indawo yedilesi ye-IP yabucala yoLawulo lweVlan | Ukuphucula ukhuseleko, izibonelelo zeVlan zeVlan kwiNdawo yeDilesi yabucala ye-IP, ethintela abahlaseli. Ukuqesha ii-vvans zolawulo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo kuqinisekisa indlela eyangelwe ngayo kunye nelungelelanisiweyo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi. |
| Sukusebenzisa i-DHCP kwi-vlan yeVlan | Ukuqhwaba kwe-DHCP kwi-DHCP kwi-vlan yeVlan kubalulekile kukhuseleko. Ukuxhomekeka kwidilesi ye-IP ye-IP ethintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba abahlaseli banciphise inethiwekhi. |
| I-Pres ekhuselekileyo ekhuselekileyo kwaye ukhubaze iinkonzo ezingafunekiyo | Amachweba angasetyenziswayo ehambisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko, omema ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Ukukhubaza amazibuko angasetyenziswanga kunye neenkonzo ezingeyomfuneko kunciphisa vey veries, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Inkqubo esebenzayo ibandakanya ukubeka esweni kunye nokuvavanya iinkonzo ezisebenzayo. |
| Ukuphunyezwa kwe-802.1x isiqinisekiso kwi-vlan yeVlan | Uqinisekiso lwe-802.1x longeza umaleko ongezelelweyo wokhuseleko ngokuvumela kuphela izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zokufikelela kwiVELAN yeVlan. Lo mlinganiso ukhusela izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezingcono zenethiwekhi, ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okunokubakho okubangelwa kukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. |
| Yenza ukhuseleko lwezibuko kwi-vlan yolawulo lweVlan | Njengamanqaku okufikelela aphezulu, izixhobo kwi-vlan yeVlan ye-Vlan ifuna ukhuseleko. Ukhuseleko lwePort, olulungiselelwe ukuvumela iidilesi ze-MAC kuphela, yindlela esebenzayo. Oku, kudityaniswe namanyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo njengoluhlu lolawulo lofikelelo (ii-ACLs) kunye nee-firewall, ziphucula ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ngokubanzi. |
| Khubaza i-CDP kwi-vlan ye-vlan | Ngelixa i-CISCO Reprotocoltion Protocol (CDP) AIDS yenethiwekhi, yazisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Ukukhubaza i-CDP kwi-Vlan yoLawulo ukuyithobela le mingcipheko, ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokuvezwa kolwazi olunobuthathaka kwenethiwekhi. |
| Qwalasela i-ACL kwi-vlan ye-vlan svi | Uluhlu lolawulo lofikelelo Ngokuchaza iidilesi ze-IP ezivumelekileyo kunye neendlela ezinqumlayo, le nkqubo ibomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwimisebenzi ephambili yolawulo. |
Ukuqukumbela, ii-vhls ziye zavela njengesisombululo esinamandla, ukoyisa imida ye-tins yemveli. Amandla abo okuziqhelanisa nendawo yokuvela kwenethiwekhi, edityaniswe nezibonelelo zokusebenza okwandisiweyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweenzame zolawulo, zenza ukuba i-vlans ingabalulekanga kwinethiwekhi yanamhlanje. Njengoko imibutho iyaqhubeka nokukhula, i-vhlns ibonelela ngeendlela ezinobunzima kwaye ezifanelekileyo zokufezekisa imiceli mngeni eguqukayo yeziseko zonxibelelwano zenethiwekhi.
I-Post Time: Dec-14 ukuya ku-2003
