Ehlabathini letekhnoloji yothungelwano, izixhobo ezibini zigqamile: iiswitshi kunye neerotha. Ngelixa la magama mabini ahlala esetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, iiswitshi kunye neerotha zidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwisiseko senethiwekhi. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukwakha uthungelwano oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo, nokuba kusekhaya okanye kwindawo yeshishini.
Yintoni utshintsho lwenethiwekhi? Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kusebenza kwinethiwekhi yendawo enye yendawo (LAN), edibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ezinjengeekhompyuter, abashicileli, kunye neefowuni ze-IP. Inoxanduva lokulawula unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kothungelwano, ivumela izixhobo ukuba zabelane ngedatha ngaphandle komthungo. Utshintshiselwano lusebenza kuLuhlu lweNgcaciso yeDatha (uLuhlu 2) lwemodeli ye-OSI, kusetyenziswa iidilesi ze-MAC (Media Access Control) ukuchonga izixhobo. Oku kuvumela ukutshintshela idatha ngqo kwindawo echanekileyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo, ukuphepha ukugcwala okungadingekile kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Utshintsho lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: Ukutshintsha okungalawulwayo - Ukutshintsha okusisiseko kunye nokukhethwa koqwalaselo, okufanelekileyo kumanethiwekhi amancinci afuna ukudibanisa okulula. Ukutshintsha okuLawulwayo - Ukutshintsha okuPhezulu okuvumela ukulungelelaniswa kwenethiwekhi, kubandakanywa i-VLAN (i-Virtual Local Area Networks), uMgangatho weNkonzo (QoS), kunye nokubekwa phambili kwetrafikhi, okwenza kube lula kwiinethiwekhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifunwa kakhulu. Yintoni umzila? Iitshintshi zibamba i-traffic data ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi enye, ngelixa ii-routers zidibanisa iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo kunye. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-setup yekhaya eqhelekileyo, i-router idibanisa inethiwekhi yendawo kwi-intanethi, isebenza njengesango phakathi kwe-LAN kunye nehlabathi elibanzi. Ii-routers zisebenza kwi-network layer (i-3) yemodeli ye-OSI, isebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi, ukugqiba indlela engcono kakhulu yeepakethi kunye nokuqondisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ii-routers ziza kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-firewalls, ukuguqulelwa kwedilesi yenethiwekhi (NAT), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkxaso ye-VPN, ezenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni amanethiwekhi kunye nokulawula uxhulumaniso lwangaphandle. Kwiiseto ezinkulu, ii-routers zinceda ukudibanisa amanethiwekhi amaninzi, njengokudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeofisi okanye ukudala amanethiwekhi ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweeSwitshi kunye neeRutha Masiphonononge ezinye zeeyantlukwano ezingundoqo phakathi kweeswitshi kunye neerotha: Ukusebenza kunye noMda: Iiswitshi: Zisebenza kuthungelwano lwengingqi enye, ukuqhagamshela izixhobo zonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi. Ii-Routers: Qhagamshela amanethiwekhi amaninzi (njenge-LAN kwi-intanethi okanye iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zeofisi), ukulawula ukuhamba kwedatha yangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuphathwa kwedatha: Iiswitshi: Sebenzisa iidilesi ze-MAC ukuchonga idatha kwaye uyithumele kwisixhobo esichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. IiRouters: Sebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kothungelwano, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo yayo yokugqibela, nokuba yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle. Iimpawu zoKhuseleko: Tshintshela: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko, kodwa utshintsho olulawulwayo lunokubandakanya iimpawu ezifana necandelo le-VLAN lokukhusela okongeziweyo. I-Router: Ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kunye ne-firewall eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, i-NAT, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amandla e-VPN, ukukhusela inethiwekhi ekungeneni okungagunyaziswanga. UQhagamshelwano lweSixhobo:Tshintsho: Idibanisa ikakhulu izixhobo (ezifana neekhompyutha kunye neeprinta) kuthungelwano olufanayo, luququzelela ukwabelana ngedatha nonxibelelwano. I-Router: Idibanisa iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo, idibanisa iiLAN kwi-intanethi, kwaye yenza ukuba izixhobo zifikelele kwimithombo yangaphandle. Amatyala osetyenziso oluQhelekileyo:Tshintsho: Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo apho unxibelelwano lwesixhobo sangaphakathi lubaluleke kakhulu, njengee-ofisi okanye izikolo. Irutha: Ibalulekile ekudibaniseni uthungelwano lwasekhaya kwi-intanethi okanye ukudibanisa amacandelo othungelwano ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweshishini elikhulu. Ngaba ufuna zombini? Kwiimeko ezininzi, inethiwekhi iya kuzuza kuzo zombini i-switch kunye ne-router. Kwimeko yekhaya, i-router eqhelekileyo inokubandakanya ukusebenza kokutshintsha eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ukubonelela uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi kunye nonxibelelwano lwesixhobo kwisixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo zorhwebo ezinothungelwano olukhulu kunye nolunzima ngakumbi, ukutshintshela okuzinikeleyo kunye nee-routers zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokulawula, ngokulandelanayo. I-ConclusionSwitches kunye nee-routers nganye idlala indima ekhethekileyo kwisiseko sothungelwano. Ukutshintsha kugxininise ekuxhumekeni kwangaphakathi, ukudala iindlela ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo, ngelixa ii-routers zinoxanduva lokudibanisa amanethiwekhi kunye nokulawula i-traffic phakathi kwabo kunye ne-intanethi. Ngokuqonda le yantlukwano, unokwakha inethiwekhi ehlangabezana neemfuno zakho, isantya sokulinganisa, ukhuseleko, kunye noqhagamshelwano. Njengoko iimfuno zenethiwekhi zikhula ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukuba nendibaniselwano efanelekileyo yokutshintsha kunye nee-routers kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kubasebenzisi basekhaya kunye namashishini. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, uya kuba nothungelwano oluthembekileyo nolukalekayo olulungele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobudala bedijithali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-15-2024
