Kwihlabathi letekhnoloji yokunxibelelana, izixhobo ezimbini zihlala ziphuma: Ukutshintshelwa kunye nemigudu. Ngelixa la magama mabini asetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo, ukutshintsha kunye nee-routers zidlala iindima ezahlukeneyo kwiziseko zenethiwekhi. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile nakubani na ofuna ukwakha uthungelwano oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo, nokuba kusekhaya okanye kwishishini leshishini.
Yintoni i-switch yenethiwekhi? Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kusebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo enye yendawo (i-LAN), ukudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ezinjengeekhompyuter, abashicileli, kunye neefowuni ze-IP. Inoxanduva lokulawula ezonxibelelwano ngaphakathi kule nonxibelelwano, izixhobo zokwenza ukuba zabelane ngedatha engenamthungo. Ukutshintshela kusebenza kwikhonkco lekhonkco ledatha (ungqimba 2) yemodeli ye-OSI, usebenzisa i-MAC (Ulawulo loFundo lweMidiya) lweedilesi ukukhangela izixhobo. Oku kuvumela ukutshintshela kwidatha ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo echanekileyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo, ukuphepha ukugcwala okungeyomfuneko kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukutshintshwa kunokwahlulwa kube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: Ukutshintshwa okungafunekiyo - ukutshintsha kwezinto ezisisiseko, ezifanelekileyo kwiinethiwekhi ezincinci ezifuna unxibelelwano olulula. Ukutshintshwa okulawulwa - ukutshintshiselana okuphezulu okuvumela ukudityaniswa kwenethiwekhi, kubandakanya i-Vlans (inethiwekhi yengingqi yendawo), umgangatho weenkonzo (QOS), kunye neenethiwekhi eziphezulu. Yintoni i-router? Ukutshintsha kwedatha yendlela kwinethiwekhi enye, ngelixa ii-routers ziqhagamshelane neenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo kunye. Umzekelo, kwi-setupy eqhelekileyo yasekhaya, i-router inxibelelanisa inethiwekhi yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi, isebenza njengesango phakathi kwe-LAN kunye nehlabathi elibanzi. Ii-routers zisebenza kwi-Newner (ungqimba 3) yemodeli ye-OSI, usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP kwiDatha kwi-Network phakathi kwenethiwekhi, echaza eyona ndlela ilungileyo. Iirouters ziza neempawu ezongezelelweyo ezinje nge-firewalls, uguqulelo lwedilesi yenethiwekhi (Nat), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkxaso ye-VPN, ibenza babe yimfuneko yokufumana iinethiwekhi kunye nokulawula uqhagamshelo lwangaphandle. Kwiseti enkulu, i-router inceda ukudibanisa uthungelwano oluninzi, njengokudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeofisi okanye ukwenza uthungelwano ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweSwitchs kunye nee-routers Masihlole umahluko othile phakathi kweSwitchs kunye ne-routers: Ukusebenza kunye nenethiwekhi: Ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi. Iindlela ze-routers: qhagamshela uthungelwano oluninzi (ezinjenge-LAN kwi-Intanethi okanye kwiinethiwekhi zeofisi eyahlukeneyo), ukulawula ukuhamba kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuphathwa kwedatha: Ukutshintshwa: Sebenzisa iidilesi ze-MAC ukubonisa idatha kwaye ugqithise kwisixhobo esichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Ii-routers: Sebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP kwiDatha yeNdlela phakathi kweenethiwekhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo yayo yokugqibela, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye yangaphandle. Amanqaku okhuseleko: tshintsha: Ngokwesiqhelo ubonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko, kodwa ukutshintshwa okulawulwa kunokubandakanya amanqaku afana ne-vlan subisotion yokhuseleko olongeziweyo. I-router: ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kunye ne-firewall eyakhiwe, i-Nat, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izakhono zeVPN, zikhusela inethiwekhi yokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Ukuqhagamshelwa kwesixhobo: Ukutshintshwa: Ukushicilela: Ngokuyintloko iikhompyutha (ezinjengeekhompyuter kunye neeprinta) ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi enye, ukuqhuba ukwabelana ngedatha kunye nonxibelelwano. I-router: idibanisa uthungelwano olwahlukileyo, unxibelelaniso ze-Lans kwi-Intanethi, kwaye wenze izixhobo ukufikelela kwizibonelelo zangaphandle. Amatyala aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo: tshintsha: isetyenziswe kwiindawo apho unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi lubalulekile, njengeeofisi okanye ezikolweni. I-router: Ibalulekile ekuqhagamsheleni uthungelwano lwasekhaya kwi-Intanethi okanye lidibanisa amacandelo enethiwekhi eyahlukileyo kwishishini elikhulu. Ngaba uyayifuna? Kwiimeko ezininzi, inethiwekhi iya kuxhamla kuzo zombini i-switch kunye ne-router. Kwimeko yekhaya, umzi oqhelekileyo unokubandakanya ukusebenza okwakhelweyo, ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi kunye ne-intanethi yokunxibelelana ngefowuni ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yorhwebo eneenethiwekhi ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukwandisa intsebenzo nolawulo, ngokwahlukeneyo. Izigqibo ezizodwa kunye neendlela nganye idlala indima ekhethekileyo kwiziseko zenethiwekhi. Ukutshintshela kugxile kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi, ukudala iindlela ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, ngelixa ii-router zinoxanduva lokuqhagamshela iinethiwekhi kunye nokulawula ukugcwala kwabantu phakathi kwabo kunye ne-Intanethi. Ngokuqonda lo mahluko, unokwakha inethiwekhi ehlangabezana neemfuno zakho, isantya sokulinganisa, ukhuseleko kunye nokunxibelelana. Njengeemfuno zenethiwekhi zikhula ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukuba nendibaniselwano efanelekileyo yokutshintsha kunye neendlela zokusebenza kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzisi basekhaya kunye namashishini. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, uya kuba nenethiwekhi enokuthenjwa kwaye ilungele ukufikelela kwiimfuno zeminyaka yedijithali.
Ixesha leposi: UNV-15 ukuya kwi-2024
