Kwilizwe lokunxibelelana, ukutshintshela kunye nee-routers zidlala indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukunxibelelana ngaphandle kokunxibelelana kunye nolawulo lwedatha olusebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yawo kunye nezicelo zihlala zingaqondwa. Eli nqaku lijolise ekucaciseni umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kunye neendlela zokunceda amakhaya kunye nabasebenzisi beshishini benza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nenethiwekhi yabo yenethiwekhi.
Chaza ukutshintshela kwenethiwekhi kunye nee-routers
Inethiwekhi yokutshintsha:
Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi sisixhobo esinxibelelana ngezixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi yendawo yengingqi (LAN).
Iququzelela ukwabiwa kwezixhobo ngokuvumela izixhobo zokunxibelelana nomnye.
Ukutshintshela kusebenza kwi-Inch Diayint yekhonkco
I-router:
Ii-routers zidibanisa uthungelwano oluninzi kunye neepakethi ngqo phakathi kwawo.
Ixhasa unxibelelwano phakathi kweenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo, njengokudibanisa iNethiwekhi okanye iNethiwekhi yeOfisi kwi-Intanethi.
Ii-routers zisebenza kwi-Netlemer yenethiwekhi (ungqimba 3) yemodeli yeOSI kwaye isebenzise iidilesi ze-IP kwidatha yendlela ukuya kwiindawo ezifikelelekileyo.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kokutshintsha kunye ne-router
1. Umsebenzi kunye nendima
Guqula: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izixhobo kwinethiwekhi enye. Baqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha esebenzayo kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezixhunyiweyo ezinjengeekhompyuter, abashicileli kunye neeseva.
I-router: isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Balawula itrafikhi yedatha phakathi kweenethiwekhi kunye nedatha ethe ngqo kwinethiwekhi ukuya kwenye, njengokuthungelwa kwekhaya kwi-Intanethi.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha
Guqula: sebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC ukufumanisa indawo yeepakethi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Oku kuvumela izixhobo ukuba zinxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo omnye komnye ngaphandle kwesidingo somenzi wenethiwekhi.
I-router: Sebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukufumanisa indlela elungileyo yedatha yokuhamba phakathi kwenethiwekhi. Basondelela idatha esekwe kwiidilesi zenethiwekhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo efanelekileyo, nokuba yinethiwekhi yengingqi okanye kwi-Intanethi.
I-3. Ingqokelela yenethiwekhi
Guqula: I-Vlans ezininzi (Inethiwekhi yeNdawo yeNdawo yeNdawo yeNdawo) inokwenziwa kwi-Transiment Traffient Traffic kwinethiwekhi enye. Oku kunceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzilawula.
I-router: ingaqhagamshela ii-vhlan ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokuhamba phakathi kwabo. Zibalulekile kunxibelelwano lwe-Vlan Vlan kunye nokudibanisa amacandelo ohlukeneyo enethiwekhi.
4. Ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi
Guqula: ibonelela ngeempawu ezisisiseko zokhuseleko ezinje ngedilesi ye-MAC kunye ne-vlan subisotion. Nangona kunjalo, aziboneleli ngamanyathelo okhuseleko okhuseleko.
I-router: ibonelela ngezinto zoKhuseleko eziPhezulu kubandakanywa nomlilo, inkxaso ye-VPN, kunye ne-NAT (Inguqulelo yeDilesi). Ezi mpawu zikhusela inethiwekhi ukusuka kwizisongelo zangaphandle kwaye zilawule itrafikhi ngokufanelekileyo.
I-5. Ityala eliqhelekileyo lokusebenzisa
Ukutshintshela: Kuhle ukwenzela inethiwekhi kwindawo enye. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiiofisi, amakhaya kunye namaziko edatha ukudibanisa izixhobo kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olugudileyo.
I-router: Ibalulekile ekuqhagamsheleni uthungelwano oluninzi kunye nokubonelela ngokufikelela kwi-Intanethi. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, ishishini, kunye neenethiwekhi zomnikezeli wenkonzo ukulawula itrafikhi yedatha kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo.
Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwee-switches kunye nee-routers
Inethiwekhi yasekhaya:
Ukutshintsha: tshintsha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeekhompyuter, ii-TVs ze-Smart, kunye neMidlalo yeMidlalo kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo zinokunxibelelana kwaye zabelane ngezixhobo ezinje ngeeprinta kunye nezixhobo zokugcina.
I-router: idibanisa uthungelwano lwekhaya kwi-Intanethi. Ukulawulwa kwendlela yedatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yeNethiwekhi kunye noMboneleli wakho weNkonzo ye-Intanethi
Inethiwekhi encinci yeShishini:
Ukutshintsha: tshintsha izixhobo zeofisi ezinjenge-PCS, abashicileli, iifowuni ze-IP, iiseva, njl.njl. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi eofisini.
I-router: idibanisa uthungelwano lwe-ofisi kwi-Intanethi kunye nolunye uthungelwano olude. Ibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezinje nge-vpn yokufikelela okukhuselekileyo kunye nokukhusela umlilo kwi-super.
Inethiwekhi yeNtanethi:
Ukutshintshela: Isetyenziswe kwi-roloyeys enkulu yokuqhagamshela amakhulu okanye amawaka ezixhobo kumasebe ahlukeneyo okanye amanqanaba. Ixhasa izinto eziPhambili ezifana neeVLONS ze-vlans zenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi kunye ne-QOS (Umgangatho weNkonzo) yokubeka phambili ukubeka phambili itrafikhi.
Ii-routers: Qhagamshela iindawo zeOfisi zeOfisi kunye namaziko eDatha ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo, olukhuselekileyo kulo lonke lombutho. Phatha iiprotokholethi zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo kwaye unikezele ngeempawu zokhuseleko eziphezulu ukukhusela idatha ebuthathaka.
ukuququmbela
Ukuqonda iindima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kunye neendlela zokusebenza kubalulekile ukwakha inethiwekhi efanelekileyo, ekhuselekileyo. Ukutshintsha kubalulekile kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ngelixa ii-robes zibalulekile ekunxibelelaneni neenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwazo. Ngokuqesha amandla eezixhobo zombini, abasebenzisi banokwenza izisombululo ezinamandla zokunxibelelana zokufezekisa iimfuno zabo zokunxibelelana. ETodahake, sinikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lokutshintsha kweentsebenzo kunye neendlela zokukunceda ukuba wakha izibonelelo zenethiwekhi ezifanelekileyo kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-10-2024
