Kwihlabathi lothungelwano, ukutshintshwa kunye neerotha zidlala indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni uxhulumaniso olungenamthungo kunye nolawulo olululo lwedatha. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi kunye nezicelo zabo zihlala zingaqondwa. Eli nqaku lijolise ekucaciseni umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kunye neerouters kunye nokunceda abasebenzisi basekhaya kunye namashishini benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga neziseko zabo zenethiwekhi.
Chaza utshintsho lwenethiwekhi kunye neerotha
Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi:
Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi sisixhobo esidibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo yendawo (LAN).
Iququzelela ukwabelana ngezibonelelo ngokuvumela izixhobo ukuba zinxibelelane omnye nomnye.
Utshintshiselwano lusebenza kuluhlu lwekhonkco lwedatha (Uluhlu 2) lwemodeli ye-OSI, isebenzisa iidilesi ze-MAC ukuthumela idatha kwindawo echanekileyo.
umzila:
Ii-routers zidibanisa amanethiwekhi amaninzi kunye neepakethi ezithe ngqo phakathi kwazo.
Ixhasa unxibelelwano phakathi kothungelwano olwahlukeneyo, olufana nokuqhagamshela ikhaya okanye inethiwekhi yeofisi kwi-Intanethi.
Ii-routers zisebenza kwi-network layer (I-Layer 3) yemodeli ye-OSI kwaye isebenzise iidilesi ze-IP ukuhambisa idatha kwiindawo zokuya.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi koTshintsho kunye neRouter
1. Umsebenzi kunye nendima
Tshintsha: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukudibanisa izixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi enye. Baqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha okusebenzayo kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe ezifana neekhompyutha, abashicileli kunye neeseva.
Umzila: usetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Balawula ukugcwala kwedatha phakathi kweenethiwekhi kunye nedatha ngqo ukusuka kwinethiwekhi enye ukuya kwenye, njengenethiwekhi yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha
Tshintsha: Isebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC ukumisela indawo eziya kuyo iipakethi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Oku kuvumela izixhobo ukuba zinxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo enye kwenye ngaphandle kwesidingo somzila womnatha wothungelwano.
Umzila: Isebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukumisela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yedatha yokuhamba phakathi kothungelwano. Bahambisa idatha ngokusekwe kwiidilesi zenethiwekhi, beqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifika kwindawo eyiyo, nokuba ingaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yendawo okanye kwi-Intanethi.
3. Ukwahlulahlula kwenethiwekhi
Tshintshela: Ii-VLAN ezininzi (iiNethiwekhi zeNgingqi yeNgingqi yeNgingqi) zinokudalwa ukuze zibe yinxalenye yetrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi enye. Oku kunceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokulawula.
Umzila: Unokudibanisa iiVLAN ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugcwala kwendlela phakathi kwazo. Zibalulekile kunxibelelwano lwe-VLAN kunye nokudibanisa amacandelo othungelwano ahlukeneyo.
4. Ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi
Tshintshela: Ibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezisisiseko ezifana nokucoca idilesi ye-MAC kunye nokwahlulahlula kweVLAN. Nangona kunjalo, ababoneleli ngamanyathelo okhuseleko oluphezulu.
I-Router: Ibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko eziphambili ezibandakanya i-firewall, inkxaso yeVPN, kunye ne-NAT (Inguqulelo yedilesi yeNethiwekhi). Ezi mpawu zikhusela inethiwekhi kwiisongelo zangaphandle kwaye zilawula i-traffic ngokufanelekileyo.
5. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa eziqhelekileyo
Ukutshintsha: Ilungele ukwandisa inethiwekhi kwindawo enye. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiiofisi, amakhaya kunye namaziko edatha ukudibanisa izixhobo kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olulula.
I-Router: Ibalulekile ekudibaniseni iinethiwekhi ezininzi kunye nokubonelela ngofikelelo lwe-intanethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwikhaya, ishishini, kunye neenethiwekhi zomboneleli wenkonzo ukulawula i-data traffic kunye nokuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo.
Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kokutshintsha kunye neerotha
Inethwekhi yasekhaya:
Tshintshela: Iqhagamshela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngekhompyuter, iiTV ezihlakaniphile, kunye neekhonsoli zomdlalo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye zabelane ngezibonelelo ezifana nabashicileli kunye nezixhobo zokugcina.
Umzila: Iqhagamshela inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi. Ilawula ukugcwala kwedatha phakathi kwenethwekhi yakho yasekhaya kunye noMboneleli weNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP), ibonelela ngeempawu ezinjengoqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi, i-DHCP, kunye nokhuseleko ngokusebenzisa iindonga zomlilo.
Uthungelwano lwamaShishini amaNcinci:
Tshintsha: iqhagamshela izixhobo zeofisi ezinjengeePC, iiprinta, ii-IP phones, iiseva, njl. njl.
Irutha: Iqhagamshela inethiwekhi yeofisi kwi-Intanethi kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi ezikude. Ibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezifana ne-VPN yokufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kude kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo ngokuchasene nezoyikiso zenethiwekhi.
Inethiwekhi yoshishino:
Iiswitshi: Isetyenziswa kumaziko amakhulu ukudibanisa amakhulu okanye amawaka ezixhobo kumasebe ahlukeneyo okanye imigangatho. Ixhasa iimpawu eziphambili ezifana neeVLAN zokwahlulwa kwenethiwekhi kunye neQoS (uMgangatho weNkonzo) ukubeka phambili i-traffic ebalulekileyo.
IiRouters: Xhuma iindawo ezihlukeneyo zeofisi kunye namaziko edatha ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo, olukhuselekileyo kulo lonke umbutho. Lawula iiprothokholi zendlela ezintsonkothileyo kwaye unikezele ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukukhusela idatha ebuthathaka.
ukuququmbela
Ukuqonda iindima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kunye neerotha kubalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi esebenzayo, ekhuselekileyo. Ukutshintsha kubalulekile kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ngelixa ii-routers ziyimfuneko ekudibaniseni amanethiwekhi ahlukeneyo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwabo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla ezi zixhobo zombini, abasebenzisi banokwenza izisombululo ezinamandla zenethiwekhi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zoqhagamshelwano. E-Todahike, sinikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nee-routers ukukunceda ukwakha isiseko senethiwekhi esifanelekileyo kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-10-2024
