Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kunye ne-router

Kwihlabathi lokunxibelelana, izixhobo ezimbini ezisisiseko zihlala zivela: Ukutshintshelwa kunye nemigudu. Nangona zombini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokudibanisa, banemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini zinokunceda amashishini kunye nabantu besenza ukhetho olunolwazi xa besakha okanye ukwandisa izibonelelo zenethiwekhi.

Indima yokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi
I-Switch yenethiwekhi isebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) ukudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi, ezinjengeekhompyuter, abashicileli, kunye neekhamera ze-IP. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwezi zixhobo ngokukhokela idatha kwindawo efanelekileyo kwinethiwekhi.

Ukutshintshela kuchonga izixhobo kwinethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa i-MAC (uLawulo loKhuphiswano lweMidiya). Xa isixhobo sithumela idatha, i-switch idlulisele phambili kulowo ufumaneyo kunokusasaza kuyo yonke icebo elixhunyiweyo. Le ndlela ijolise kuyo inceda i-bandwidth kunye nokwandisa isantya seNethiwekhi, ukwenza utshintsho olulungele iindawo eziphezulu zendlela ezifana neeofisi, izikolo kunye namaziko edatha.

Indima ye-router
Ngokungafaniyo nesitshisi, esilinganiselwe kwinethiwekhi enye, i-router isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kweenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. Kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo okanye useto lweshishini, i-router inxibelelanisa inethiwekhi yengingqi kwi-Intanethi. Isebenza njengesango elilawula ukugcwala kwedatha engenayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba idatha evela kwi-Intanethi ifikelela kwisixhobo esichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-LAN kunye ne-Vice.

I-routers isebenzisa i-IP (i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi) idilesi yokuthumela idatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi. Baphatha uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunokuhambisa iidilesi ze-IP kwizixhobo ezikwinethiwekhi, ukulawula ukhuseleko kwenethiwekhi, kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo, kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kokutshintsha kunye ne-router
Nantsi iqhekeza lomahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini:

Umsebenzi kunye nomgangatho:

Guqula: Isebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi enye yendawo, izixhobo zokudibanisa izixhobo kunye nokwenza lula ukutshintshiselana ngedatha phakathi kwabo.
I-router: iqhagamshela uthungelwano olwahlukileyo, oludla ngokudibanisa nenethiwekhi yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi kunye nokulawula ukugcwala kwedatha ukuya kuthi ga kwimithombo yangaphandle.
Inkqubo yokujongana:

Guqula: Sebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC ukukhangela kwaye unxibelelane nezixhobo. Le ndlela iyasebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni idatha ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi evaliweyo.
I-router: isebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP kwiDatha yendlela phakathi kweenethiwekhi, ezibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi kunye nokufikelela kwiinethiwekhi zangaphandle.
Idatha yokuhamba kunye nokudlulisela idatha:

Guqula: Iinkcukacha ezisandiselayo ngqo kwizixhobo ezithile kwinethiwekhi, ezenza idatha yangaphakathi ihamba isebenze ngakumbi.
I-router: Iindlela zedatha kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo, ekuqinisekiseni ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo efanelekileyo, nokuba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya okanye ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko:

Ukutshintshela: Ngokubanzi kunezinketho ezisisiseko zokhuseleko, kugxilwe kulawulo lwedatha yangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintshwa kunikeza ezinye zeempawu zokhuseleko eziphezulu njengeVlan (i-Vise) yokwahlulahlula kunye nokubekwa kwezezithuthi.
I-router: Inezinto zokhuseleko ezakhiwe njengemigodi, i-Nat (Inethiwekhi Guqula), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkxaso yeVPN. Oku kunceda ukukhusela inethiwekhi ukusuka kwizisongelo zangaphandle kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
Sebenzisa iimeko:

Ukutshintshela: Ilungele indawo apho izixhobo ezininzi kufuneka zinxibelelane kwinethiwekhi efanayo, njengeeofisi, izikolo, kunye namaziko edatha.
I-router: Ibalulekile ekunxibelelaneni nenethiwekhi yakho kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle, njenge-Intanethi, esenza isixhobo esibalulekileyo senethiwekhi yasekhaya kunye neshishini.
Ngaba uyayifuna?
Ukuseta uninzi, utshintsho kunye ne-router kufuneka. Kwinethiwekhi yesiqhelo yekhaya, i-router inxibelelanisa izixhobo zakho kwi-Intanethi, kunye nokutshintsha (idityaniswe kwi-router okanye eyahlukileyo) ilawula unxibelelwano phakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ishishini kunye neendawo ezinkulu, iitshintshi ezizinikeleyo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphatha itrafikhi yangaphakathi, ngelixa ii-routers zilawula unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-LAN kunye ne-Intanethi ebanzi kwi-Intanethi.

ukuququmbela
Ukutshintsha kunye neendlela ezisebenza kunye ukwenza uthungelwano olungenamthungo nolusebenzayo, kunye nokutshintsha nganye kuzalisekisa indima ethile. Ukutshintshela qengqele unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ngokukhokela idatha kwizixhobo ezithile, ngelixa ii-routers zilawula uqhagamshelo lwangaphandle, zidibanisa uthungelwano lwasekhaya kwi-Intanethi. Ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nezixhobo zakho zenethiwekhi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ihlangabezana nayo neemfuno zakho zokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.

Njengoko itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili, ukutshintsha kunye neendlela ze-routers ziya zinobuchule kubuchule bazo, zibonelela ngamashishini nabantu abalawula ngakumbi kwintsebenzo kunye nokhuseleko lweenethiwekhi zabo.