Kwihlabathi lothungelwano, izixhobo ezibini ezisisiseko zihlala zivela: iiswitshi kunye neerotha. Nangona zombini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni izixhobo, zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kunokunceda amashishini kunye nabantu benze ukhetho olunolwazi xa besakha okanye besandisa iziseko zabo zenethiwekhi.
Indima yokutshintsha kwenethiwekhi
Ukutshintsha kwenethiwekhi kusebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo yendawo (LAN) ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi, ezinjengeekhompyuter, iiprinta, kunye neekhamera ze-IP. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwezi zixhobo ngokuqondisa idatha kwindawo echanekileyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
Iitshintshi zichonga izixhobo kumsebenzi wothungelwano ngokusebenzisa iidilesi ze-MAC (Media Access Control). Xa isixhobo sithumela idatha, iswitshi iyigqithisela ngqo kumamkeli ekujoliswe kuyo kunokuba isasaze kuso sonke isixhobo esiqhagamshelweyo. Le ndlela ekujoliswe kuyo inceda ukugcina i-bandwidth kunye nokwandisa isantya sothungelwano, okwenza ukuba utshintsho lube lufanelekileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu zezithuthi zedatha ezifana neeofisi, izikolo kunye namaziko edatha.
Indima yerouter
Ngokungafaniyo nokutshintsha, okukhawulelwe kwinethiwekhi enye, i-router isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukeneyo. Kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo okanye ukusekwa kweshishini, i-router idibanisa inethiwekhi yendawo kwi-Intanethi. Isebenza njengesango elilawula ukugcwala kwedatha engenayo kunye nephumayo, iqinisekisa ukuba idatha evela kwi-Intanethi ifikelela kwisixhobo esichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-LAN kwaye ngokuphambene noko.
Ii-router zisebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP (Internet Protocol) ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kothungelwano. Baphatha uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunokutshintsha, kubandakanya ukunika iidilesi ze-IP kwizixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, ukulawula ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi koTshintsho kunye neRouter
Nantsi inkcazo yomahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini:
Umsebenzi kunye nobubanzi:
Ukutshintsha: Isebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo enye, idibanisa izixhobo kunye nokuququzelela ukutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi kwazo.
I-Router: Iqhagamshela uthungelwano olwahlukileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo idibanisa inethiwekhi yendawo kwi-Intanethi kunye nokulawula i-data traffic ukuya kunye nemithombo yangaphandle.
Inkqubo yeedilesi:
Tshintsha: Isebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC ukuchonga nokunxibelelana nezixhobo. Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi evaliweyo.
I-Router: Isebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kothungelwano, into ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi kunye nokufikelela kuthungelwano lwangaphandle.
Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nogqithiso lwedatha:
Tshintshela: idlulisela idatha ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo ezithile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, yenza ukuba idatha yangaphakathi ihambe kakuhle.
Irutha: Ihambisa idatha kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo, iqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifika kwindawo eyiyo, nokuba ingaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yendawo okanye ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko:
Ukutshintsha: Ngokuqhelekileyo banokhetho olusisiseko lokhuseleko, lujolise kulawulo lwangaphakathi lwedatha. Nangona kunjalo, iiswitshi ezilawulwayo zibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko eziphambili ezinje nge-VLAN (i-LAN ebonakalayo) kunye nokubekwa phambili kwetrafikhi.
I-Router: Ineempawu zokhuseleko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezifana ne-firewall, i-NAT (iNguqulelo yedilesi yeNethiwekhi), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkxaso yeVPN. Oku kunceda ukukhusela inethiwekhi kwizisongelo zangaphandle kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
Sebenzisa iimeko:
Iiswitshi: Ilungele iimeko apho izixhobo ezininzi zifuna ukunxibelelana ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi efanayo, efana neeofisi, izikolo, kunye namaziko edatha.
Irutha: Ibalulekile ekudibaniseni inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kuthungelwano lwangaphandle, olufana ne-Intanethi, iyenza ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuthungelwano lwasekhaya nolweshishini.
Ngaba ufuna zombini?
Kwiiseto ezininzi, iswitshi kunye nerouter ziyafuneka. Kwinethiwekhi yekhaya eqhelekileyo, i-router idibanisa izixhobo zakho kwi-Intanethi, kwaye itshintshi (inokuthi idibaniswe kwi-router okanye eyahlukileyo) ilawula ukudibanisa phakathi kwezixhobo kwinethiwekhi efanayo. Kumashishini kunye neendawo ezinkulu, iitshintshi ezinikezelweyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo i-traffic yangaphakathi, ngelixa ii-routers zilawula uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-LAN kunye ne-Intanethi ebanzi.
ukuququmbela
Iitshintshi kunye neerotha zisebenza kunye ukuze zenze inethiwekhi engenamthungo kunye nesebenzayo, kunye nokutshintsha ngalunye kuzalisekisa indima ethile. Utshintsho luphucula unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ngokulawula idatha kwizixhobo ezithile, ngelixa ii-routers zilawula uxhulumaniso lwangaphandle, ukudibanisa amanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni kwi-Intanethi kunye nokukhusela idatha yedatha. Ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi malunga neziseko zoncedo zenethiwekhi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zakho zoqhagamshelwano kunye nokhuseleko.
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka iqhubela phambili, utshintsho kunye neerouters ziba yinkimbinkimbi kwizakhono zabo, ukubonelela amashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye ngokulawula okukhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokhuseleko lweenethiwekhi zabo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-30-2024
