UPhando kwiingxaki zoMgangatho weNethiwekhi yangaphakathi yeBroadband yeKhaya

Ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yophando kunye namava ophuhliso kwizixhobo ze-Intanethi, siye saxoxa ngetekhnoloji kunye nezisombululo zoqinisekiso lomgangatho wothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwasekhaya. Okokuqala, ihlalutya imeko yangoku yomgangatho wothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwekhaya, kwaye ishwankathela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngefiber optics, isango, iirotha, iWi-Fi, kunye nokusebenza komsebenzisi okubangela iingxaki zomgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yasekhaya. Okwesibini, itekhnoloji entsha yokugubungela inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ephawulwe yi-Wi-Fi 6 kunye ne-FTTR (iFayibha ukuya kwiGumbi) iya kwaziswa.

1. Uhlalutyo lweengxaki zomgangatho wothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwasekhaya

Kwinkqubo ye FTTH(ifayibha ukuya ekhaya), ngenxa yempembelelo yomgama wothumelo lokukhanya, ukwahlulwa kwamehlo kunye nokulahleka kwesixhobo soqhagamshelo, kunye nokugoba kwefiber ebonakalayo, amandla okubona afunyenwe lisango anokuba sezantsi kwaye impazamo encinci ibephezulu, ibangele ukunyuka kwesantya selahleko yepakethe yosasazo lwenkonzo yomgangatho ophezulu. , izinga liyehla.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwehardware yamasango amadala kuphantsi, kwaye iingxaki ezinje nge-CPU ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwememori kunye nokufudumeza okugqithisileyo kwezixhobo kuqhele ukwenzeka, okukhokelela ekuqaliseni kwakhona okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuqhekeka kwamasango. Amasango amadala azixhasi ngezantya zenethiwekhi yegigabit, kwaye amanye amasango amadala aneengxaki ezinjengeetshiphusi eziphelelwe lixesha, nto leyo ekhokelela kumsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwexabiso lokwenyani lesantya sonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye nexabiso lethiyori, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi amathuba okuba kuphuculwe. amava omsebenzisi kwi-intanethi. Okwangoku, amasango amadala asekhaya asele esetyenziswe iminyaka emi-3 okanye ngaphezulu kuthungelwano oluphilayo asathatha umlinganiselo othile kwaye afuna ukutshintshwa.

Ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4GHz yi-ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical) band frequency. Isetyenziswe njengebhendi yefrikhwensi eqhelekileyo kwizikhululo zerediyo ezifana nenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo, inkqubo yokufikelela ngaphandle kwamacingo, inkqubo yeBluetooth, i-point-to-point okanye i-point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, enezixhobo ezimbalwa zefrequency kunye ne-bandwidth elinganiselweyo. Okwangoku, kusekho umlinganiselo othile wamasango axhasa i-2.4GHz Wi-Fi frequency band kwinethiwekhi ekhoyo, kwaye ingxaki ye-co-frequency / i-addicent interference interference ibonakala ngakumbi.

Ngenxa yeempazamo zesoftware kunye nokusebenza okungonelanga kwehardware kwamanye amasango, uqhagamshelo lwePPPoE luhlala luwiswa kwaye amasango ahlala eqalwa ngokutsha, okukhokelela kuphazamiseko rhoqo lokufikelela kwi-Intanethi kubasebenzisi. Emva kokuba uxhulumaniso lwe-PPPoE luphazamisekile (umzekelo, ikhonkco lokuhambisa i-uplink liphazamisekile), umenzi ngamnye wesango unemigangatho yokuphunyezwa engahambelaniyo yokufumanisa i-port ye-WAN kunye nokwenza kwakhona ukudayela kwe-PPPoE. Isango labanye abavelisi libona kanye rhoqo kwimizuzwana engama-20, kwaye licofa kwakhona emva kokuba 30 bengafumani ziphumo. Ngenxa yoko, kuthatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuba isango liqalise ngokuzenzekelayo ukudlala kwakhona kwe-PPPoE emva kokuhamba ngaphandle kweintanethi, okuchaphazela kakhulu amava omsebenzisi.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi nangakumbi amasango asekhaya aqwalaselwe ngeerotha (emva koku zibizwa ngokuba “ziirutha”). Phakathi kwezi routers, ezimbalwa kuphela inkxaso 100M izibuko WAN, okanye (kwaye) kuphela inkxaso Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).

Iirotha zabanye abavelisi zisenezibuko elinye le-WAN okanye iiprothokholi ze-Wi-Fi ezixhasa izantya zenethiwekhi ye-Gigabit, kwaye zibe zii-router “pseudo-Gigabit”. Ukongeza, i-router iqhagamshelwe kwisango ngentambo yenethiwekhi, kwaye intambo yenethiwekhi esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi ngokusisiseko icandelo lesi-5 okanye icandelo elikhulu le-5 intambo, enobomi obufutshane kunye nobuchule obubuthathaka bokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, kwaye uninzi lwabo kuphela. inkxaso 100M isantya. Akukho nanye kwii-router ezikhankanywe ngasentla kunye neentambo zenethiwekhi ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuguquguquka kwe-gigabit elandelayo kunye ne-super-gigabit networks. Ezinye iirouter ziqala ngokutsha rhoqo ngenxa yeengxaki zomgangatho wemveliso, ezichaphazela kakhulu amava omsebenzisi.

I-Wi-Fi yeyona ndlela iphambili yokugubungela ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwamacingo, kodwa amasango amaninzi asekhaya abekwe kwiibhokisi zangoku ezibuthathaka kumnyango wabasebenzisi. Ukunciphisa indawo yebhokisi yangoku ebuthathaka, izinto zekhava, kunye nohlobo olunzima lwendlu, uphawu lwe-Wi-Fi alunelanga ukugubungela zonke iindawo zangaphakathi. Ukude isixhobo se-terminal sisuka kwindawo yokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi, kukho imiqobo ngakumbi, kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwamandla esignali, okunokukhokelela ekuxhumekeni okungazinzanga kunye nokulahleka kwepakethi yedatha.

Kwimeko yothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwezixhobo ezininzi ze-Wi-Fi, iingxaki ezifanayo-frequency kunye ne-channel-interference interference zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokucwangciswa kwesiteshi esingenangqiqo, ukunciphisa ngakumbi izinga le-Wi-Fi.

Xa abanye abasebenzisi beqhagamshela i-router kwisango, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamava ochwepheshe, banokudibanisa i-router kwi-port ye-non-gigabit network port of the gateway, okanye abanako ukudibanisa intambo yenethiwekhi ngokuqinileyo, okubangela ukuba izibuko zenethiwekhi ezikhululekile. Kule meko, nokuba umsebenzisi ubhalisa kwinkonzo yegigabit okanye usebenzisa i-gigabit router, akakwazi ukufumana iinkonzo ezizinzileyo zegigabit, ezizisa nemingeni kubaqhubi ukuba bajongane neziphene.

Abanye abasebenzisi banezixhobo ezininzi eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Wi-Fi kumakhaya abo (ngaphezu kwama-20) okanye izicelo ezininzi zokukhuphela iifayile ngesantya esiphezulu ngexesha elinye, nto leyo eya kubangela iingxabano ezinzulu zesitishi se-Wi-Fi kunye nokungazinzi kwe-Wi-Fi.

Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa iitheminali ezindala ezixhasa kuphela i-Wi-Fi 2.4GHz frequency band okanye iiprothokholi zeWi-Fi ezindala, ukuze bangakwazi ukufumana amava e-Intanethi azinzileyo nakhawulezayo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokuphucula inethiwekhi yangaphakathi Umgangatho

I-high-bandwidth, iinkonzo ze-low-latency ezifana ne-4K / 8K yevidiyo ephezulu-definition, i-AR / VR, imfundo ye-intanethi, kunye ne-ofisi yasekhaya ngokuthe ngcembe iba ziimfuno eziqinileyo zabasebenzisi basekhaya. Oku kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wothungelwano lwe-broadband yekhaya, ngakumbi umgangatho wothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwekhaya. Uthungelwano olukhoyo olukhoyo lwendlu yothungelwano lwangaphakathi olusekelwe kwi-FTTH (iFayibha ukuya kwiNdlu, ifayibha ukuya ekhaya) iteknoloji ibe nzima ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zingasentla. Nangona kunjalo, i-Wi-Fi 6 kunye ne-FTTR technologies ingahlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zenkonzo engentla kwaye kufuneka isasazwe kumlinganiselo omkhulu ngokukhawuleza.

I-Wi-Fi 6

Ngo-2019, iWi-Fi Alliance yathiya itekhnoloji ye-802.11ax Wi-Fi 6, kwaye yathiya itekhnoloji yangaphambili eyi-802.11ax kunye ne-802.11n iWi-Fi 5 kunye ne-Wi-Fi 4 ngokulandelelanayo.

I-Wi-Fi 6 yazisa i-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), i-MU-MIMO (I-Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, i-multi-user-input multiple-output technology), 1024QAM (I-Quadrature Amplitude Ukumodareyitha, ukumodareyitha kwe-quadrature amplitude) kunye nezinye ezintsha itekhnoloji, ireyithi yokukhuphela ephezulu yethiyori inokufikelela kwi-9.6Gbit/s. Xa kuthelekiswa nezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu i-Wi-Fi 4 kunye ne-Wi-Fi 5 iteknoloji kwishishini, inezinga eliphezulu lothumelo, amandla amakhulu okudibanisa, ukulibaziseka kwenkonzo ephantsi, ukugubungela ngokubanzi kunye namandla amancinci amancinci. ukusetyenziswa.

Iteknoloji yeFTTR

I-FTTR ibhekisela ekuhanjisweni kwamasango e-optical all-optical and sub-devices kumakhaya ngokwesiseko se-FTTH, kunye nokuphunyezwa konxibelelwano lwe-fiber optical kumagumbi omsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-PON.

Isango elingundoqo leFTTR ngundoqo wothungelwano lweFTTR. Idityaniswe phezulu kwi-OLT ukubonelela nge-fiber-to-ekhaya, kwaye ezantsi ukubonelela ngezibuko zamehlo ukudibanisa amasango amaninzi e-FTTR amakhoboka. Isango lekhoboka le-FTTR linxibelelana nesixhobo se-terminal ngokusebenzisa i-Wi-Fi kunye ne-Ethernet ujongano, ibonelela ngomsebenzi wokudibanisa ukuhambisa idatha yesixhobo se-terminal kwisango eliphambili, kwaye yamkela ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwesango elikhulu le-FTTR. Uthungelwano lweFTTR lubonisiwe emfanekisweni.

Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli ezifana nothungelwano lweentambo zothungelwano, uthungelwano lwentambo yombane, kunye nothungelwano olungenazingcingo, iinethiwekhi zeFTTR zineenzuzo ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, izixhobo zenethiwekhi zinentsebenzo engcono kunye ne-bandwidth ephezulu. Uxhulumaniso lwefiber optical phakathi kwe-master gateway kunye nesango lekhoboka linokwandisa ngokwenene i-gigabit bandwidth kwigumbi ngalinye lomsebenzisi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wenethiwekhi yasekhaya yomsebenzisi kuzo zonke iinkalo. Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR ineenzuzo ezininzi kwi-bandwidth yokuhambisa kunye nokuzinza.

Eyesibini i-Wi-Fi engcono kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. I-Wi-Fi 6 lubumbeko olusemgangathweni lwe-FTTR yamasango, kwaye zombini isango eliphambili kunye nesango lekhoboka linokubonelela ngoqhagamshelwano lwe-Wi-Fi, luphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukuzinza kwe-Wi-Fi networking kunye namandla okugubungela umqondiso.

Umgangatho wothungelwano lwasekhaya lwe-intranethi luchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nesakhiwo sothungelwano lwasekhaya, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye neetheminali zabasebenzisi. Ke ngoko, ukufumana kunye nokufumana umgangatho ophantsi wenethiwekhi yasekhaya yingxaki enzima kwinethiwekhi ephilayo. Inkampani nganye yonxibelelwano okanye umnikezeli wenkonzo yenethiwekhi ubeka phambili isisombululo sayo ngokulandelelanayo. Umzekelo, izisombululo zobugcisa zokuvavanya umgangatho we-intranethi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya kunye nokufumana umgangatho ophantsi; ukuqhubeka nokuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwedatha enkulu kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwindawo yokuphucula umgangatho wothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwekhaya; ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-FTTR kunye ne-Wi-Fi 6 iteknoloji ebanzi isiseko sobunjani bothungelwano kunye nokunye.