Ukuphonononga umahluko phakathi kwe-ONU, ONT, SFU, kunye ne-HGU.

Xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi ekufikeleleni kwifiber ebanzi, sihlala sibona amagama esiNgesi afana ne-ONU, ONT, SFU, kunye ne-HGU. Athetha ntoni la magama? Yintoni umahluko?

1. Ii-ONU kunye nee-ONT

Iindidi eziphambili zesicelo se-broadband optical fiber access zibandakanya: FTTH, FTTO, kunye ne-FTTB, kunye neefom zezixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi zihluke phantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo. Izixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi zeFTTH kunye neFTTO zisetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi omnye, obizwa ngokuba yi-ONT (i-terminal yenethiwekhi ye-Optical, i-terminal network optical), kunye nezixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi ze-FTTB zabelwana ngabasebenzisi abaninzi, ababizwa ngokuba yi-ONU (Optical Network Unit, optical iyunithi yenethiwekhi).

Umsebenzisi okhankanywe apha ubhekisa kumsebenzisi ohlawuliswa ngokuzimeleyo ngumsebenzisi, hayi inani leetheminali ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, i-ONT ye-FTTH yabelwana ngokubanzi ngeetheminali ezininzi ekhaya, kodwa mnye kuphela umsebenzisi onokubalwa.

2. Iindidi ze-ONT

ONTyinto esiyibiza ngokuqhelekileyo imodem ye-optical, eyahlulahlulwe kwi-SFU (Iyunithi yeNtsapho eNye, iyunithi yomsebenzisi wentsapho enye), i-HGU (iYunithi yeSango leKhaya, iyunithi yesango lekhaya) kunye ne-SBU (Iyunithi yoShishino oluNye, iyunithi yomsebenzisi omnye weshishini).

2.1. SFU

I-SFU ngokubanzi ine-1 ukuya ku-4 ujongano lwe-Ethernet, i-1 ukuya ku-2 ujongano lwefowuni olusisigxina, kwaye eminye imifuziselo nayo inojongano lwentambo ye-TV. I-SFU ayinalo umsebenzi wesango lasekhaya, kwaye kuphela i-terminal eqhagamshelwe kwi-port ye-Ethernet inokucofa ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi, kwaye umsebenzi wokulawula kude ubuthathaka. Imodem ye-optical esetyenziswe kwinqanaba lokuqala le-FTTH yeye-SFU, engafane isetyenziswe ngoku.

2.2. Ii-HGUs

Iimodem zamehlo ezixhotyiswe ngabasebenzisi be-FTTH ezivulwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziyi-HGU zonke. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-SFU, i-HGU inezi zinzuzo zilandelayo:

(1) I-HGU sisixhobo sesango, esilungele uthungelwano lwasekhaya; ngelixa i-SFU sisixhobo sothumelo esiselubala, esingenazo izakhono zesango, kwaye ngokubanzi ifuna intsebenziswano yezixhobo zesango ezinjengeerutha zasekhaya kuthungelwano lwasekhaya.

(2) I-HGU ixhasa imowudi yomzila kwaye inomsebenzi we-NAT, oyisisixhobo somaleko-3; ngelixa uhlobo lwe-SFU luxhasa kuphela umaleko-2 wendlela yokuvala ibhuloho, elingana ne-maleko-2 yokutshintsha.

(3) I-HGU inokuphumeza eyakho i-broadband dial-up application, kwaye iikhomputha eziqhagamshelweyo kunye neeterminal eziphathwayo zinokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kokudayela; ngelixa i-SFU kufuneka ifowulwe yikhompyuter yomsebenzisi okanye ifowuni ephathwayo okanye nge-router yasekhaya.

(4) I-HGU ilula kulawulo olukhulu kunye nolawulo lolondolozo.

I-HGU idla ngokuza ne-WiFi kwaye ine-USB port.

2.3. Ii-SBUs

I-SBU isetyenziselwa ukufikelela kumsebenzisi we-FTTO, kwaye ngokubanzi ine-interface ye-Ethernet, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zine-interface ye-E1, i-interface ye-landline, okanye i-wifi function. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-SFU kunye ne-HGU, i-SBU inomsebenzi ongcono wokukhusela umbane kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko zangaphandle ezifana nokucupha ividiyo.

3. Uhlobo lwe-ONU

I-ONU yahlulwe yaba yi-MDU (i-Multi-Dwelling Unit, iyunithi yabahlali abaninzi) kunye ne-MTU (i-Multi-Tenant Unit, iyunithi yokuqesha abantu abaninzi).

I-MDU isetyenziselwa ukufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi beendawo zokuhlala phantsi kohlobo lwesicelo se-FTTB, kwaye ngokubanzi ine-interfaces ye-4 yecala lomsebenzisi, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-8, 16, 24 FE okanye i-FE + POTS (umnxeba osisigxina) ujongano.

I-MTU isetyenziselwa ukufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi bamashishini okanye iitheminali ezininzi kwishishini elifanayo kwimeko yeFTTB. Ukongeza kwi-interface ye-Ethernet kunye ne-interface yefowuni esisigxina, inokuba nayo i-E1 interface; ubume kunye nomsebenzi we-MTU azifane zifane nezo ze-MDU. Umahluko, kodwa umsebenzi wokukhusela umbane ungcono kwaye uzinzo luphezulu. Ngokuthandwa kwe-FTTO, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-MTU ziya ziba ncinci kwaye zincinci.

4. Isishwankathelo

Ukufikelela kwifiber ye-Broadband optical ikakhulu isebenzisa iteknoloji yePON. Xa uhlobo oluthile lwezixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi lungabonakali, izixhobo zecala lomsebenzisi ze-PON zingabizwa ngokudibeneyo njenge-ONU.

I-ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU...ezi zixhobo zonke zichaza izixhobo ezisecaleni komsebenzisi zokufikelela kwibroadband ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwazo buboniswe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi.